Nokia marketing analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nokia showcasing examination - Essay Example This Finnish media transmission mammoth has created skill in transmission framework fabricating. They are the biggest selling cell phone organization over the globe (Younis, 2009). In present day period media transmission industry has made a great deal of enthusiasm among individuals. Individuals utilize portable for day by day correspondence reason. This report will attempt to illuminate diverse advertising models utilized by Nokia to continue in showcase. These advertising models incorporate PESTLE (thinking about political, efficient, social, mechanical, lawful, ecological state of a specific nation), Porter's Five Forces of Competition and SWOT (quality, shortcoming, opportunity and dangers) for Nokia. PESTLE Analysis for Nokia Nokia has risen as universal media transmission organization in most recent 50 years. They have to concentrate on large scale condition of a specific nation to grow their business. The organization must have away from about economic situation of cause nation as far as large scale condition (Political condition, Economic circumstance, social components, mechanical viewpoints, natural condition and lawful structure of the nation).

When I, Like Most People, First Read This Poem, I Saw The Theme As An Essay Example For Students

At the point when I, Like Most People, First Read This Poem, I Saw The Theme As An Essay self-assertive passing of a little fellow that could have been handily maintained a strategic distance from. One pundit composed that, the topic is the vulnerability and unusualness of life A kid who is now accomplishing a keeps an eye on work and gives each guarantee of having a valuable life in front of him is out of nowhere cleared out. (Laurence Perrine, Sound and Sense: An Introduction to Poetry). While this investigation fits very well cursorily, I trust it to be deficient and ailing in adequate profundity. Robert Frost portrays his composition while being met, and stated, These sonnets are written in anecdote, so an inappropriate people wont comprehend, thus will be spared.? After this is an analysis on a man who, similar to the sonnet, gives off an impression of being straightforward, yet really suggests a fundamental multifaceted nature. In the wake of considering, and reconsidering my analysis on this sonnet, this young men life wasnt taken, yet given by the kid himself. Ma ybe this was not a deliberate demonstration, yet rather a Freudian slip, He more likely than not given the hand. We will compose a custom article on When I, Like Most People, First Read This Poem, I Saw The Theme As An explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Robert Frost exemplifies this buzz-saw nearly as a sort of creature or brute from the absolute first line of the sonnet, The buzz-saw growled and shook in the yard. At that point proceeds to portray Five mountain ranges one behind the other/Under the nightfall far into Vermont. and afterward repeats the brutal growling and shaking of the buzz saw. This appears to obviously isolate the kid, and the buzz saw from nature. While the buzz saw is represented with creature qualities, it is anything but difficult to see the ?enormous kid? as a human machine that carelessly takes care of wood to it throughout the day. The nightfall proceeds and this kid and everything except those that lifted their eyes proceed with their work with a mechanical aloofness to the signs that day was everything except done. I feel this is by all accounts the point of convergence of the story. For what reason was this kid being worked throughout the day? Truth be told Frost appears to beg them, Call it daily, I wi sh they may have said. Here Frost is bringing up the depravity of working a kid throughout the day, and afterward not in any case giving him the half hour/That a kid tallies so much when spared from work. It might be said this kid is a captive to profitability and money related advancement. This young men life is in a jail whos dividers are profitability and industry, a great life for him is viewed as a gainful life, ?No more to expand on there. What's more, they, since they/were not the one dead, gone to their issues.? This thought of adolescent mistreatment additionally shows up as the young men sister. She has no uncertainty gone through the entire day in the kitchen cooking, when, His sister remained adjacent to them in her cover/To disclose to them Supper. At that point after the mishap, he doesn't engage his mom or father, yet to his sister to spare his hand from the specialist. I accept that he believes he has an attach to his sister, since she comprehends what he has been experiencing. At the point when she came and revealed to him that it was dinner time, a great many people would believe this is something worth being thankful for, yet to this kid while it might imply food, it likewise flags that his day is finished, and that what spare time he may have been seeking after was presently gone, ?the saw, As if to demonstrate saws comprehended what dinner meant,Leaped out at the young men hand, or appeared to jump He probably given the hand. Anyway it was,Neither denied the gathering. In any case, the hand!The young men first objection was a regretful giggle,. .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .postImageUrl , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:hover , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:visited , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:active { border:0!important; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:active , .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content embellishment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } . u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6244b8cb514bac7d1fa032198d2b6000:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Essay On Client Threaten A Lawyer If He Lose The Case There are numerous pieces of information to show why the kid gave his hand, yet didn't plan to execute himself. At the point when Frost composes ?Neither rejected the gathering this is an undeniable piece of information. The what tops off an already good thing however is the young men response to his warmly greeting the buzz saw. It isnt a shocked shout, or a whine, or even a swear word, yet a ?remorseful chuckle,? which clarifies the young men genuine aims. I dont accept that the kid intentionally gave his hand to the monster, yet rather it was subliminal. Any individual who has labored for a whole day with a growling brute, with no psychological help probably thought about what might occur on the off chance that I incidentally slipped and? furthermore, the consideration that would be given when they all observed what had occurred, and the regret they would all vibe for having him work throughout the day. This sonnet integrates with Frosts own life, when discussing his ?most loved little girls passing (from fever subsequent to conceiving an offspring), ?I wish I hadnt this woeful doubt that close to the end she came to loathe something in the existence I had given her.? What's more, the title of this sonnet is taken from Shakespeares Macbeth, after Macbeth learns of his wifes passing. Out, out, brief light! Lifes yet a mobile shadow, a poor player, That swaggers and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more. It is a story Told by a bonehead, brimming with sound and rage, Signifying nothing.?I feel that the sound and wrath in this sonnet is the buzz saw that sets a consistent and hostile tone, growling and shaking, and appearing to imply nothing. Furthermore, the title of this sonnet, ?Out, Out-? is in itself a hint to the disaster here. Ice decides to forget about the ?brief flame? since this was only a kid, and had not yet experienced life and its organic products. The light hadnt even been lit at this point. This is a really profound sonnet, that while on a superficial level looks rather straightforward, is in actuality very prophetic and profound. In addition to the fact that it deals with the uselessness of death, yet it additionally manages the aimlessness of kid work, and mental persecution for the sake of efficiency and industry. This sonnet could be perused as a notice to society. Or on the other hand as an answer for building a decent life.

Keyword Selection The Key to Earning High Search Ranking

Keyword Selection The Key to Earning High Search Ranking Keyword selection and optimization offer a number of benefits only if done right. No content and search engine optimization strategy is complete without the effective use of keywords.They have been around since the advent of the internet and they still have a large part to play in ranking websites moving forward.Keywords help with many other things such as email marketing, PPC, new product and services research, and assessing your competition, etc. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to choose the right keywords due to stiffening competition and regular changes introduced by Google to its algorithms.The search guidelines and behaviors have changed a lot over the years and they are still evolving.Gone are the days when you would stuff the content with your keywords and artificially push the website to the top of the search engines.It is imperative for you to understand the current search environment and how keywords work nowadays if you want your content marketing, websites and other marketing campaigns to have any chance of success.Unless you are Huffington Post or the New York Times, it will not be easy for you to rank on the elusive first page of Google. However, it is not impossible.Companies have been repeatedly doing this for years and to great effect as well.All you need to do is to choose the right keywords for your website, but it is easier said than done.First of all, you need to take search engine optimization and content marketing seriously, especially if you are a new website.Secondly, conduct a thorough keyword research, carry on competitive analysis, devise a feasible content marketing strategy and finally, spend some time and energy on seeing them through.Your rankings, traffic, sales, and profits will eventually skyrocket.This is what this article or guide is all about. You will have a full understanding of keyword research and how to use the search changes to your own advantage.How you can improve your content marketing and SEO strat egies in addition to pushing your website on the first page of Google?The following lines contain everything you should know if you want your website to perform brilliantly.WHAT ARE KEYWORDS?Almost everyone has a basic idea of what keywords are. In simple terms, they are words and phrases people use to search what they are interested in.They are also the terms and phrases which describe the topics you write about.These keywords are your biggest chance to present your content directly to your audience or at least help them find it. In an ideal world, you will use the same keywords again and again.However, as the world of e-commerce is getting more and more competitive, you are forced to search for new and less competitive but relevant keywords for your business.Keyword research is the process of finding new keywords which your audience can type into Google to search your website.Subsequently, you can use these keywords in your content marketing, social media, and SEO campaigns.WHY KE YWORD SEARCH IS IMPORTANT?Keywords are one of the biggest ranking factors in the world.They have been an integral and vital part of Googles algorithms.Google will instantly understand what your website is about if you manage to use the right keywords.As a result, it will display your website at the top of the first page whenever someone types your keywords in the search bar.Keyword research also reveals some really great topics you can include in your content marketing campaigns.These topics enable you to get into your audiences head and figure out what they think about your company and what they want.Obviously, you will be better prepared to optimize your content and deliver the services your customers need if you already know what they are looking for.Overall, your business can greatly benefit from keyword research.You can not only include them in the content creation process, but in all types of promotional activities such as competitive research, pay per click advertisement and of course, email marketing.Another way to improve your own content and SEO strategy is to check the keywords your competitors are ranking against.You can use those keywords to improve your own marketing efforts as well. HOW KEYWORD SEARCH HAS CHANGED AND IS IT STILL RELEVANT?Keyword research is still relevant, but not if you are employing decades old SEO technique.As mentioned above, people used to stuff their content with keywords to deceive Google.Such lousy techniques no longer work.Search engines, especially Google have gone smarter than ever. It only values quality above anything else.In fact, Google now penalizes such pages rather than rewarding them with higher rankings.Furthermore, it constantly changes its algorithms to deliver the content of the highest quality which people actually want to see.Some of the characteristic features of modern keyword search are as under.The voice search is growing in popularity thanks to the increasing use of smartphones, which come with diff erent types of digital assistants. That means people no longer only type in the search bars, but ask questions using natural language.Google has introduced answer boxes which strive to provide immediate answers to the peoples queries. The boxes usually contain highly relevant and well-optimized content.Latent Semantic Indexing has well and truly become a big thing nowadays. It means you do not only optimize your content for a single word or phrase. You also include one or more related keywords with similar meanings in your content.It can be rightly said that keyword research enables you to optimize for the people rather than Google bots. If the quality of your content is high, Google will reward you by putting your page on the top.HOW TO SEARCH FOR THE RIGHT KEYWORDS?It is both easy and difficult to select the right keywords for your marketing campaigns.A simple search on Google will give you hundreds, if not thousands of keywords.However, not all of them are relevant to the particu lar products or services you offer.In this regard, the following are some proven tips to find keywords which can actually propel your business to unprecedented levels of success.Understand Different Types of KeywordsIt is important to classify keywords even before you start searching for them.There are actually three main types of keywords that are head keywords, body keywords and long tail keywords.Head keywords contain only one to two words, but they are the most competitive keywords with high search volume.They would also cost you a lot of money if you tend to include them in your pay per click advertisements.For example, insurance is one of the most searched and expensive keywords in the world with a price tag of $54.1 for a single click.The body keywords, on the other hand, consist of two to three words.They have a good search volume, which is not very high and not very low either.Understandably, they are less competitive than their head counterparts.Going back to our example, best health insurance is a popular body keyword.Long tail keywords comprise of more than four words. They are the least competitive keywords because they have a low search volume.However, the bulk of the web traffic comes from long tail keywords, making them an important component of any Search Engine Optimization strategy.Some experts also use the terms like short, medium and long tail keywords or head, modifier and tail keywords.No matter what their titles are, they basically are the same thing.What is more important here is their specificity.Longer phrases or long tail keywords are more specific as compared to the head and body keywords.The more specific a keyword is, fewer people will be searching for it.Here is a summary of what we mean to say.If you search for shoes only, you will get millions of search results.If you search for mens shoes”, the number of search results will drop to thousands.If you search for red Nike men running shoes, you will only get results relevant to this particular model of shoes.The best course of action is to use a combination of these keywords.It is a well-balanced strategy which will give you short term gains, but will enable you to obtain your long term goals.By incorporating long tail and body keywords in your content, you will direct a part of web traffic to your website.It is an open secret that it is harder to rank for insurance but much easier to rank for the best health insurance companies in Berlin.Keep Business Goals in MindThe first thing you need to keep in mind while searching ad prioritizing keywords is your business goals.You are wasting your precious times, energy and resources if you do not have definite and defined SEO objectives.Outside agencies and vendors should particularly define such goals because they have to constantly reconsider their approach and how their services help their clients to achieve their own goals.You may set different goals for your SEO, but one of the most important of them is dire cting more traffic to your conversion pages.Let us assume you provide cheap health insurance to federal government employees. Health Insurance will definitely be a competitive and expensive keyword for such a page.On the other hand, cheap health insurance for federal employees in Berlin is not only a cheaper but less competitive keyword, increasing your chances to rank higher in the search results.In this case, the latter is a high priority and more specific keyword as well.Conduct Your Preliminary ResearchThis is perhaps the most important part of your keyword research strategy.The entire goal of creating a list of keywords is to connect with your audience directly using content and whatever you have to offer.Asking real people what they want to read and see and how they like to search a particular topic is the way to go.Taking their opinions for keywords will leave you surprised as you will be able to pick up some really nice keywords just by talking to them. Asking your colleague s, friends, relatives, mom, and dad, siblings and even your girlfriend is an extremely educating and beneficial experience.Another way to find some cool keywords is to sit with these people and literally watch how they explore the internet.You can also ask them to search a certain page or product on Google.Different people will use different keywords and methods to search the same thing online, depending upon their understanding of that product.Some people use the exact head terms while others use longer, broader phrases and progressively narrow down their searches.All in all, you will end up collecting a number of high priority and relevant keywords to incorporate in your marketing efforts.Narrow Down Your KeywordsCreating a long list of potential keywords is the key to getting the best results from Google and even other search engines.You need to spend a lot of time and do plenty of brainstorming to create this list as it should only include the keywords from which you can actuall y benefit.However, the next step is to narrow down this list to only the best of the best keywords.These are the keywords which are most effective and relevant to your business.It is necessary for you to remove the least relevant keywords from your list at the earliest.If your business deals with insurance â€" but only with health insurance, you must do away with phrases about other types of insurances such as auto insurance or flood insurance.To make your list even more specific, you will remove keywords about health insurance in the USA or Europe as well because you provide services only in Germany.However, try to retain all the keywords which have very high-profit margins, bring more sales as compared to other keywords, or at least support you in creating a strong brand experience and name.Using keyword evaluation tools is one of the easiest and most effective methods to remove low traffic, irrelevant keywords from your list.Also, remember that narrowing the keywords doesnt mean restricting yourself to only 5-10 keywords.It means focusing on hundreds of relevant, high traffic keywords if you want to stand a chance.Use Keyword Evaluation ToolsThere a number of keyword evaluation tools you can use to figure out how often people search a specific keyword or phrase.These tools further enable you to determine whether or not a certain keyword is good to keep by providing you with information like its click-through rate and how it is searched on the internet.You have to pay for some of these tools, but most of them are free such as Google Adwords.Google Adwords is one of the most popular keyword planners in the world. It is free and available to anyone who has a valid Google account.Similarly, Yahoo and Microsoft have free keyword tools of their own. Moreover,  MOZ Keyword Explorer is one of the best free SEO tools in the world.Some of the most popular paid tools are SEMrush, SEOToolSet, WordTracker, and Keyword Discovery.Both free and paid tools work on the same principle, where paid ones tend to have more and better features than the free tools.For instance, Google Keyword planner not only suggests incredibly good keywords, but it also divides them into categories and groups.The Keyword Explorer by Ashref offers plenty of features, data, and filters to select perfect keywords for your website.Googles Trends is also free and a well-known keyword planning tool which visualizes and forecasts how online search habits change over time.You can also check the relative popularity of a certain keyword over the period of one year. Another tool that deserves a mention is Keywords Everywhere.The tool extracts data from websites like Google, Amazon, eBay and Keyword Sitter, etc.Check the CompetitionA comprehensive competitive analysis is the backbone of any keyword strategy.It is pertinent to mention that just because your competitors are doing something does not mean you have to follow suit.Therefore, a keyword which has worked wonders for your compe titor may fail miserably to produce anything for you.But, figuring out what keywords your competitors are ranking against is yet another great method to evaluate and consolidate your own list of keywords.There are definitely some keywords on your list which your competitors have been using so successfully.You obviously should focus on such keywords and try to improve your ranking against them.Similarly, it is a cardinal mistake to ignore certain keywords just because your rivals do not incorporate them in their content.They may be unworthy keywords for them, but the use of the same terms can pay rich dividends for you.In fact, their negligence provides you with a great opportunity to enhance your market share on these keywords.It is a cumbersome task to improve ranking against single word head keywords.As a matter of fact, only the big brands with tons of money can afford to pay for these keywords.You live in a fools paradise to think you can outsmart them when it comes to organic S EO.Therefore, you have to be more realistic and try to maintain a balance which a mixture of head terms and long tail keywords allows.Take one step at a time by attaining short term goals which will also help you make progress towards achieving your long term objectives.There are some fantastic methods to find out what keywords your rivals are trying to rank for.One such method is to check the position of your competitors in the Google search results by manually typing the keywords in the incognito window.You can also use paid tools, if you can afford, such as SEMrush to discover the top keywords for your relevant domain or industry.These tools give you a general vibe of what your competitors are doing and what they are up to.Optimize Your Chosen KeywordsYou have chosen the keywords which you think are the most relevant to your business and have the ability to produce the results for you.The next step is to conceptualize the content and optimize it for those keywords.The best way fo rward is to manipulate a mixture of your primary and secondary keywords.You can produce different forms of content for SEO purposes such as:Blog postsArticlesProduct PagesA directory or index of links (to pages on the internet or other pages on your own website)InfographicsAn authoritative guideVideosYou need not care about things like budget or resources.Everyone can write a blog or an article.Similarly, it has become ever so easy to create a video or Infographic thanks to numerous free online tools.Just ensure your content is of the highest quality because that is what almost all the search engines crave for.Do not spam your content with keywords, but give something that benefits the readers.In fact, you should optimize your content while you are creating it.Applying optimization after you have written a blog post or created a video will not have the same effect.Go back to the list of your keywords and try to leverage all of them in your content if you can.There are a lot of place s where you can seamlessly and naturally integrate the keywords such as image filenames without feeling and looking like a robot.It is also a good idea to recheck everything, especially your keyword research before publishing your content.Some of the top digital marketers in the world take 2-3 months to write an article.The content can evolve and change during this time.Therefore, it is a wise idea to double check whether or not your keywords are still relevant to your content. Analyze the Performance of Your KeywordsAnalyzing the keywords you have already used is a crucial part of your keyword selection strategy.Keep on checking the rankings of your keywords manually or with the help of a rank checking tool.Similarly, find out keywords which are actually ranking in the search engines. You need to do some more work if you are not ranking for your intended keywords.Sometimes, your content rank for the keywords other than your primary keywords. You can include these keywords in your l ist for future use.Try not to be too ambitious and refrain from using too competitive keywords.Until you have built an authority website, it is sensible to target less competitive keywords in your list.CONCLUSIONNow, you have a better idea of how to search keywords and discover better terms for your business.These are the keywords which will make your site prominent, helping your customers to find you rather easily.Last but not least; carry on SEO audits regularly to identify any errors in your strategy which may be affecting your rankings and traffic.

Derrick Jensens Forget Short Showers Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Jensen s arguments cannot appeal to proponents of simple living. With the advent of technology and globalization, life is becoming simpler each day. Cars are being manufactured that do not use fossil fuels. Solar windows are being manufactured to tap natural energy from the sun. These developments, Jensen argues, are self-centered and help further the interests of a capitalist world than rescuing the universe from the biting effects of climate change and environmental degradation. He states, So, even if we all took up cycling and wood stoves it would have a negligible impact on energy use, global warming atmospheric pollution (Jensen 1). The author stresses the damaging effects of personal consumption and supports the same with concrete data to boost the logos of the work. He hopes to touch his audience and persuade them into believing that the kind of lifestyle encouraged by capitalism is destroying the world indirectly. He positions the audience at a vulnerable position in the ho pe of gagging their attention to the matters under discussion: I think part of it is that we re in a double bind (Jensen 1). Jensen uses terminology to evoke the attention and sympathy of the audience, with the hope that people will change their stance on the climate change issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Derrick Jensens Forget Short Showers or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Rather, he sums up worldwide statistical data on climate change, environmental degradation, and resource depletion to buttress his arguments. The sources are credible, thereby giving Jensen s arguments the authoritative touch. On water depletion, he says, More than 90 percent of the water used by humans is used by agriculture and industry.

Gambling in the United States Essay - 570 Words

Gambling in the United States Gambling has increased in the last couple of years. Is it because people are addicted? There are two types of gambling: Compulsive Gambling and pathological gambling. Compulsive Gambling is when people have a hard time resisting to gamble. Pathological Gambling is when there is a need to gamble for money or for large amounts of money. Also people don’t know when to quit when they are pathological gamblers. Both types of gambling have major side effects, and can both lead to serious gambling problems. â€Å"Studies show that 82% of people gamble. In 1975 only 61% gambled (Richard E. Vatz).† Gambling has increased rapidly in the United States. Many Americans who gamble often lose more than†¦show more content†¦Vatz).† Families may see these signs with a family member who gambles excessively. There are help lines to call if there is a problem. Gambling has been around for many years. â€Å"Gambling has been around as early as 1775(Richard E. Vatz).† â€Å"Dice and playing cards can be traced back to primitive people who cast bones or sticks into the air. Even in this country’s early history there was a lottery to raise money for the colonial army in 1775 (Lee S. Weinberg).† Even in the old days people used to gamble. As gambling grows in the United States it continues to be a problem. Compulsive gambling is diagnosable, it is a treatable illness that affects the gambler. Its not like a drug, but its just as bad as a drug addiction. There are many negative setbacks to gambling. Such as there is a lot of potential for crimes, or murders. People that lose money and are sore losers may say they â€Å"got cheated.† They may want there money back and cant get it, so it could carry on to a fight. Fights lead to jail, and sometimes death. A definition of gambling is â€Å"to play any game at a chance for stakes.† Gambling is also a sin, in the bible it says that you should not gamble. Therefor if you gamble you are doing wrong. 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Honors English 10. Period 2. 6 April 2017.1627 Words   |  7 PagesPeriod 2 6 April 2017 Gambling’s rise to Legality in the United States Gambling has been a popular activity in the United States from the 1600’s to the present day United States. As gambling grows as a worldwide enterprise, it expands the United States with the opportunities it provides and the attention it consumes. Gambling as a whole benefits different recreational activities and events such as sports. Gambling also allows people visiting places like Las Vegas to enjoy playingRead MoreLegalization of Gambling Pro/Pro1561 Words   |  7 PagesKastendike Engl 101 Tuesday November 28, 2000 Pro/Pro The Legalization of Gambling The Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution in the Bill of Rights respectfully states The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. (Gerald Murphy, Cleveland Free-Net). This Amendment states the individuals choice about how to spend ones money. There are a few reasons thatRead MoreThe Positive Fiscal Influence Of Gambling On The American Economy1084 Words   |  5 Pages The Light of a Perceived Dark Passtime The positive fiscal influence of gambling on the American economy, both locally and at the federal level, minimizes its negative aspects. The advantages of gambling are numerous and the revenue gained lends aid to a diverse group of programs from education to infrastructure. With advances in technology gambling is more lucrative than ever and is a source of jobs for millions of people as well as major source of income for the nation’s Native American tribesRead MoreShould Sports Be Legalized?978 Words   |  4 PagesSome jobs would also be created if online gambling was legalized. Many of the existing online gambling sites would move their operations to the United States, while other sites would be newly created in here. The jobs created would range from computer programmers to customer service jobs (Rousu). Our economy is always looking for new jobs to decrease the unemployment rate. This is a great way to lower unemployment and increase the economy at the same time. In Canada, the provinces experience additionalRead MoreGambling : Illegal Gambling And Commercial Gambling860 Words   |  4 PagesGambling In 2006, the Pew Research Center did many studies on the average American and their gambling habits. Of these studies, â€Å"67% of the people surveyed had gambled in the past year† (â€Å"Supply and Demand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). â€Å"Gambling is the act of risking something of value on the outcome of an event in hopes of gain†(Schwartz). Gambling has become extremely popular and so complex throughout the thousands of years it has been evolving. There are two different types of gambling, social gambling and commercial

Supply chain management in Starbucks and its impact on company performance Free Essays

INTRODUCTION – BACKGROUND: Supply chain management has become a hot topic over the past twenty years. Before getting into the details, we need to define what supply chain management is. Even though it has been suggested that there is little agreement on a definition for supply chain management (Burgess et al, 2006), one definition we could use could be the systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the long-term performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole (Mentzer et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply chain management in Starbucks and its impact on company performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 2001, p. 18). Companies now understand the importance of supply chain management better than the previous decades. In starbucks for example, with the increase of operational costs followed by the shrink of sales, they put into action a supply chain strategy in order to reduce their costs and maintain their competiveness in the market. An effective supply chain management could impact on the organisation’s financial performance: profitability, liquidity, and productivity or asset utilization (Christopher, 1998). A real difference â€Å"through the customer value that is created by superior service† (Christopher and Peck, 2003, p. 46) could also be generated from a successful supply chain management. To get to that nice cup of starbucks coffee, it takes a smooth run of the supply chain to make that happen. The main reason is the fact that the journey from bean in South American or African farm to a cup in a starbucks coffee shop is a paved with obstacles. Coffee and other related commodities are to be successfully supplied from different parts of the world and conveyed to the 16,700 starbucks coffee shops, which are visited by around 50 million clients in 51 countries every week. However in 2008, faced with the increasing costs of its functioning, the decrease of its revenues, and when the costs of its American supply chain department went from $750 million to over $825 million, they started realising that the company’s supply chain management as a whole was not effectively carrying its mission. One reason could be the high tempo at which starbucks was opening branches all around the world with their supply chain finding it hard to keep up with that pace. According to Peter D. Gibbons, who is starbucks executive vice president of global supply chain operations, the company’s growth has been so fast and in a short period of time that even the supply chain basic ground rules were not set up. The direct result of that neglects the increase of the costs of the supply chain operations in general. To get the link between costs and performance here back in perfect synchronisation, many areas have to be looked at. According to Porter (1980), the two basic competitive approaches are cost advantage and differentiation. A well led reducing costs plan create costs advantages, while a better level of customization and service tend to boost the profitability. One of the problems with starbucks supply chain was the delivery time. This latter could be solved with a better standard of services through well-organized order capture, by making sure that the different ingredients or materials are always available etc†¦ Supply chain management produces differentiation â€Å"through the customer value that is created by superior service† (Christopher and Peck, 2003, p. 46). And on top of that, there is a strong relation between increased levels of service and increases in sales volume and customer maintenance (Parasuraman et al, 2004). This would just prove that an effective progress on the supply chain would have a direct effect on cutting costs with still a good customer service. Such initiati ve is meant to diminish the business cost tariffs which would positively impact on the profitability of the company. An initiative like this would incorporate: Reducing inventory holding costs through improved inventory management (Stapleton et al, 2002) Identifying and eliminating non-value adding supply chain activities (Hines and Rich, 1997) and the different costs related to them. The inventory aspect of the supply chain management is really crucial. A significant reduction of the inventory would improve asset effectiveness and exploitation. Fewer inventories also means less functioning costs related to doing inventory. Basically, a decrease in inventory positively impacts on the cash-to-cash cycle therefore more liquidity (Christopher and Ryals, 1999; Farris and Hutchison, 2002). LITERATURE REVIEW: Previous work exists on the tie between supply chain and the performance of a company (Christopher and Ryals, 1999). However, businesses are said to be sourcing around 75 % of the value of therir services and goods from the supply chain (Trent, 2004). Others researches based on the effects of amelioration in the supply on the financial sidehave shown that in the short term, when we have a high level of inventory, this would have no direct negative impact on the price-to-book ratio. However in the long run it could get to a reduced stock market value (Chen etal, 2005). In the retail industry for example, a connection between the floor space and inventory show better operating stores are the ones with a higher inventory turn per unit area (Raman and Gaur, 2005). It is important to find the right amount of stock to have; because too much stock is as bad as too little stock as they both affect the business performance. Businesses with low (not lowest) levels of inventory would be more likely to have a good long-term stock market performance (Chen et al, 2005); but it could also be due to better inventory management strategies. Even if business performance is evaluated by market and financial criteria, a short-term approach of the supply chain management objectives would improve the efficiency and diminish the lead time and level of inventory; while on the other hand, a long term approach of supply chain management objectives would raise market share (Koh et al.2007). business performance is is affected through supply chain management through different elements such as : lead time, inventory turnover, product return, sales level, cost reduction and meeting customers’ expectations (Petrovic-Lazarevic et al. 2007)’ Lead time: time elapsed from the moment the customer makes an order and when it is completely satisfied (Chan 2001). Businesses are under pressure to reduce their manufacturing lead time. Shorter lead time means that firms will be able to swiftly react to changing market demands (Wadhwa et al., 2005; Chan and Qi, 2003). Inventory turnover: this measures the speed with which goods move through and are replenished by the sytem (Sahay and Mohan2003). Product return: to capture the market and keep the customers satisfied, it is crucial for a business to have good quality products (Chan and Kumar 2007). Sales level: this indicator help showing whether the business has a good market share or not. Cost reduction: in (Fawcett et al. 2008) it is clearly shown that a well operated supply chain will considerably help reduce costs. Meeting customers’ requirements: at the end of the day, this is what the business is for. It is all about satisfying the clients and going beyond its expectations. As ( Huang et al 2002) mentioned, development in the supply chain management leads to a better response to customer expectations. Innovation performance: a good supply chain management network allows businesses to share information both internally and externally. This help improving the company performance. There are other works that also show the relationship between supply chain management and an organizational performance (Petrovic-Lazarevic et al., 2007). Others researches based their study on almost 200 firms realised that supply chain management could lead to competitive advantage and at the same time ameliorate the business performance (Li et al. 2006). RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS: This project proposes to prove the importance and benefit of supply chain management within starbucks organisation and the vital role it plays for any business performance. Emphasis will be on the period from October 2007 onwards, since this is the period during which starbucks’ sales started going down, and its supply chain costs rose. Particularly, concentration will be on the following questions: What is starbucks supply chain management policy What is starbucks corporate social responsibility What are their coffee purchasing and supply chain practices What is the effectiveness of Starbucks operational strategies How does their supply chain management affect their expansion strategy RESEARCH AND DESIGN: The methodology which will be used here in order to cover the research objectives will for the most part be based on qualitative research through semi-structured interviews so that i will still be able to come up with questions during the interviews. If well led, these interviews could also help me collecting specific information needed to answer the research objectives. There will also be use of quantitative methods, which will be presented through charts and diagrams. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Primary data will be collected from interviews while secondary data will be collected from published documents on supply chain management, measurement of company performance from responsible and respected publishers such as supply chain digest, world trade logistics journal, supply demand chain executive, logistic quarterly, 3PL wire, DC velocity. Data will also be collected from the university of Westminster database system. Demands for interviews are being arranged. If accepted, they will be likely to last for an hour and will probably be conducted in July 2011. Data will be analysed through the use of grounded theory. That will help verifying the hypothesis and identify the potential policies being implemented to easily solve them. Data will also be analysed through the process of going through and reading the data. PRELIMINARY INDICATION OF RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Expected results as suggested in the literature review are anticipated to show the importance and positive effect of supply chain management for Starbucks Company. TIME SCALE: Between the submission of the proposal and the submission of the project, i will arrange to meet up with my supervisor at least 4 times per month until the end of October. The project should be finished by the end of November when i will submit it. REFERENCE: How to cite Supply chain management in Starbucks and its impact on company performance, Essay examples

Pygmalion Essays (462 words) - Pygmalion, Eliza, Doolittle

pygmalion george Throughout the play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw, the character Eliza goes through many changes. Being educated by Higgins and Pickering leads to her biggest change, finding her self-respect. In Act One, Eliza has no self-respect for herself. She has no pride or self-esteem, she cannot take care of herself, she is poor, dirty, and does not have clean clothes. A woman who utters such depressing and disgusting sounds has no right to be anywhereno right to live. (Act One Scene One) Higgins also calls her a creature that will stay in the gutter for the rest of her life and an incarnate insult to the human language. She is not affected by these words and phrases because she has no respect for herself and the words do not mean anything to her. In Act Two, Eliza starts the changing process. For once she finally takes a bath, she puts on new clothes, and combs her hair. She is clean. Aint you going to call me Miss Doolittle any more? (Act Two Scene Three) This is the first step of Eliza finding her self-respect, she wants to be called Miss Doolittle; it gives her pride. Her education with Higgins starts and he teaches her how to speak and act like a duchess. In the last three Acts of the play, Eliza does find her self-respect. At Mrs. Higgins party, the Parlormaid also referring to her as Miss Doolittle greets Eliza at the door. Every time she hears Miss Doolittle, it increases her self-esteem. In the fourth Act, after her successful performance at the Ambassadors Party, Eliza becomes aware of her own self-worth and her difficult situation when she hears Pickering and Higgins speaking about the night. She responds You dont care. I know you dont care. You wouldnt care if I was dead. Im nothing to younot so much as them slippers. (Act Four Scene One) She finally understands Higgins disregard for her feelings and her future. In Act Five Eliza states that her real education and self-respect comes with Pickering referring to her as Miss Doolittle. She says that all the little things like opening a door for her, standing up, and taking off his hat in her presence taught her that if people have respect for her, she should have respect for herse lf. Eliza stated that the difference between a lady and a flower girl is not by how she behaves, but by how she is treated. Eliza is treated very well by Pickering, and educated well by Higgins. Both of these were reasons why she changed so much, and why she found her self-respect.

The Government of The Roman Empire

The Government of The Roman Empire Free Online Research Papers The Romans did not have a complex vision of government. Their philosophy and implementation of rule was quite simple. They believed that government should cover two broad categories of control: settling disputes between communities or individuals, and assembling men, goods, or money – jurisdiction and exaction. This philosophy would allow for the little bureaucratic involvement by the empire in the daily affairs of Romans and that of Rome’s conquered peoples. The Romans ruled conquered nations by the Polis, the same standards that they ruled themselves by. Aristotle claimed that the best model for the Polis was the very nature of a good friendship. The Polis precedes the individual; that it is the family, the original polis, and the social group from which our natures as individuals, as mother, father, friend, teacher, arise. He claimed that virtue is the middle ground between excesses, a balance point. What must be practiced in order to be virtuous is anger at the right objects: anger at injustice, for instance, is proper. Rage is not virtuous because it is excessive and uncontrolled. Courage is virtue at the balance point between heedlessness and cowardice, which are both excessive forms of the same thing. The developed Polis depends on friendly relations among members, and lasting friendly relations depend on virtue. The Roman Empire recognized three distinct forms of rule and order: magistrate, a roman government official; soldier, highly respected for their rigorous training, long amounts of marching, fighting in precise formations, and ability to kill their opponent; master of the household, the head male figure of the household. All activity in the empire can be linked with one of these roles. This again relates to the natural order that the Polis teaches both in political and philosophical practice. Rome has also been accused of bureaucracy on the grounds that they took excellent written records of events as they occurred. From taking the minutes of a court hearing or government meetings to the accumulation of archives Romans understood the importance of keeping accurate records. However, virtuosity in the public service should not be confused with professionalism. Research Papers on The Government of The Roman EmpireBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCapital Punishment

Overview of Teddy Roosevelts Bull Moose Party Beliefs

Overview of Teddy Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party Beliefs The Bull Moose Party was the unofficial name of President Teddy Roosevelts Progressive Party of 1912. The nickname is said to have arisen from a quote by Theodore Roosevelt. When asked whether he was fit to be president, he responded that he was as fit as a bull moose. Origin of the Bull Moose Party Theodore Roosevelts term as president of the United States ran from 1901 to 1909. Roosevelt was originally elected vice president on the same ticket as  William McKinley in 1900, but in September of 1901, McKinley was assassinated and Roosevelt finished out McKinleys term. He then ran and won the presidency in 1904. By 1908, Roosevelt had decided not to run again, and he urged his personal friend and ally William Howard Taft to run in his place. Taft was chosen and then won the presidency for the Republican Party. Roosevelt became unhappy with Taft, primarily because he wasnt following what Roosevelt considered progressive policies. In 1912, Roosevelt put his name forward to become the Republican Partys nominee again, but the Taft machine pressured Roosevelts supporters to vote for Taft or lose their jobs, and the party chose to stick with Taft. This angered Roosevelt who walked out of the convention and then formed his own party, the Progressive Party, in protest. Hiram Johnson of California was chosen as his running mate. The Platform of the Bull Moose Party The Progressive Party was built on the strength of Roosevelts ideas. Roosevelt portrayed himself as an advocate for the average citizen, whom he said should play a larger role in government. His running mate Johnson was a progressive governor of his state, who had a record of successfully implementing social reforms. True to Roosevelts progressive beliefs, the platform of the party called for major reforms including womens suffrage, social welfare assistance for women and children, farm relief, revisions in banking, health insurance in industries, and workers compensation. The party also wanted an easier method to amend the constitution. Many prominent social reformers were drawn to the Progressives, including Jane Addams of Hull House, Survey magazine editor Paul Kellogg, Florence Kelley of Henry Street Settlement, Owen Lovejoy of the National Child Labor Committee, and Margaret Dreier Robins of the National Womens Trade Union. Election of 1912 In 1912, voters chose between Taft, Roosevelt, and  Woodrow Wilson, the Democratic candidate. Roosevelt shared many of the progressive policies of Wilson, yet his core support came from ex-Republicans who defected from the party. Taft was defeated, getting 3.5 million votes compared to Roosevelts 4.1 million. Together Taft and Roosevelt earned a combined 50% of the popular vote to Wilsons 43%. The two former allies split the vote, however, opening the door for Wilsons victory. Midterm Elections of 1914 While the Bull Moose Party lost at the national level in 1912, they were energized by the force of their support. Continuing to be bolstered by Roosevelts Rough Rider persona, the party named candidates on the ballot at several state and local elections. They were convinced that the Republican party would be swept away, leaving U.S. politics to the Progressives and Democrats. However, after the 1912 campaign, Roosevelt went on a geographic and natural history expedition to the Amazon River in Brazil. The expedition, which began in 1913, was a disaster and Roosevelt returned in 1914, sick, lethargic, and frail. Even though he publicly renewed his pledge to fight for his Progressive party to the end, he was no longer a robust figure. Without the energetic support of Roosevelt, the 1914  election results were disappointing for the Bull Moose Party as many voters returned to the Republican Party.   End of the Bull Moose Party By 1916, the Bull Moose Party had changed: A prominent leader, Perkins, was convinced that the best route was to unite with Republicans against the Democrats. While the Republicans were interested in uniting with the Progressives, they were not interested in Roosevelt. In any case, Roosevelt refused the nomination after the Bull Moose party chose him to be its standard-bearer in the presidential election. The party tried next to give the nomination to Charles Evan Hughes, a sitting justice on the Supreme Court. Hughes also refused. The Progressives held their last executive committee meeting in New York on May 24, 1916, two weeks before the Republican National Convention. But they were unable to come up with a reasonable alternative to Roosevelt. Without its Bull Moose leading the way, the party dissolved shortly thereafter. Roosevelt himself died of stomach cancer in 1919. Sources Dalton, Kathleen. Finding Theodore Roosevelt: A Personal and Political Story. The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, vol. 6, no. 4, 2007, pp. 363–83.Davis, Allen F. The Social Workers and the Progressive Party, 1912–1916. The American Historical Review, vol. 69, no. 3, 1964, pp. 671–88.Green, G. N. Republicans, Bull Moose, and Negroes in Florida, 1912. The Florida Historical Quarterly, vol. 43 no. 2, 1964, pp. 153–64.Ickes, Harold L. Who Killed the Progressive Party? The American Historical Review, vol. 46, no. 2, 1941, pp. 306–37.Pavord, Andrew C. The Gamble for Power: Theodore Roosevelts Decision to Run for the Presidency in 1912. Presidential Studies Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 3, 1996, pp. 633–47.

Sydney Harbour Bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sydney Harbour Bridge - Essay Example In other words, Carl Hooper asserts that there should be a 'depoliticisation' of the Sydney Harbour Bridge and he makes use of the theories of Roland Barthes to explain this depoliticisation, as well as the aura and allure of the Bridge. In the explanation of the bitter conflicts between sectional interests as well as the tensions between public and private, Hooper makes use of the theories of Roland Barthes and the method has been greatly effective. "The explanation of this event is found nor in history nor politics, but in the function of mythology. The celebratory phenomenon enveloping the harbour bridge is similar to that analysed by Roland Barthes. In this explanation the harbour bridge constructed out of concrete, granite and steel acts as a mythic signifier, situated in a particular environment and history. This is its 'sensuous' dimension."2 Therefore, Carl Hooper explains the concept of the 'depoliticisation' of the Sydney Harbour Bridge as well as the aura and allure of the Bridge by the use of the theories of Roland Barthes. The Sydney Harbour Bridge, according t... Thus, Hooper suggests the significance of the mythology concerning the Sydney Harbour Bridge which depoliticises the bridge through the generation of images that conceal or deform the material, historical and political dimensions of the real Sydney Harbour Bridge. Through these images one may imagine that the bridge is something eternal and that it belongs to the natural order of things. Such perceptions make the bridge as something beyond question and beyond politics. Two of the most important vehicles for the bridge mythology are provided by the souvenir histories and the visual arts and Hooper is engaged in a critical reading of the mythology by examining some sample vehicles and he recovers the Sydney Harbour Bridge as a material, historical and political entity. In its planning, construction and continued maintenance, the Sydney Harbour Bridge has been identified as a public work, though the idea of public is limited here. The bridge is also identified as a vampire and as the ci ty as such because it represents the city's interests in relation to other cities. As the symbolic and aesthetic considerations were involved in the design of the characteristic shape of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, it has never been understood in purely utilitarian terms. There were several dangers and issues involved in the construction of the bridge and the estimates of its cost impressed the popular imagination with the specialness and uniqueness. The extraordinary benefits which would flow from the bridge were stressed by the supporters of the task. There were several other factors which contributed to the mythology concerning the bridge. "The spectacle of its construction in the midst of the daily life of the city

Risk Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Impact - Essay Example Our target was to get food items as well as money that we would take to the animals. Unfortunately, we had not set a target for ourselves, neither were we aware of the number of animals that were available in the center. Therefore, we ended up receiving much more. We were curious and excited and never bothered to look at the expiry date. Actually, we were never aware whether it was a consideration when purchasing animal food. The food would expire after three months resulting in a huge loss. The risk in this case was that of expiry. It was necessary to ensure that we fed the animals for the longest time possible. However, our consideration of the potential risk never clicked in our minds. In addition, we never thought of disposing some of the food in other centers where some other animals would benefit. The authorities at the center were equally unaware. They realized when it was too late that the food was going bad. The risk was costly, it made us regret on the reason why we never weighed all the necessary precautions before engaging in the activity. This risk gave back to another risk; some of the animals had been fed with some of the spoilt food. The food became smelly making the staff to realize. The fact that food expiry takes more than six months made the staff to remain unaware on the situation. It was clear that the donated food had overstayed in the shelves hence it took only three months before it expired. Therefore, there was a risk that the animals could fall ill as a result of food contamination. Through the project, we drew a number of lessons. The first thing was to be very keen and observant when undertaking a given project. The other thing is that it is important to develop a plan of what the project entails including all the pros and cons. The next time we visited the place we opted to mobilize funds that would enable us buy them food.

High-Tech Workers in the Silicon Valley Essay examples -- Essays Paper

Brief History of the Valley The Silicon Valley area became a major manufacturing power after World War II. The Cold War furthered this development, as industries involved in defense, aerospace, steel, oil, automobiles, and so on prospered (Hossfeld 405-406). The high-technology industry began in the laboratories of corporations such as Bell Laboratories, American Telephone and Telegraph, Fairchild Camera and Instrument, and General Electric during this Cold War era (Bacon, â€Å"Organizing†). Employment in California, especially Silicon Valley, grew rapidly between 1950 and 1980 due to technical innovation that characterized the postwar prosperity. Furthermore, federal spending expanded California’s economy, placing it in the front of a high-technology revolution (Hossfeld 405). Politicians such as the former President Clinton and Vice President Gore consider the Silicon Valley the model for the United States industrial growth in the new millennium. While this â€Å"model† has had remarkable products and performance, it also employs underpaid workers in unsafe environments (Siegel 91). Moreover, unlike most manufacturing industries in the United States, the high-tech workers are not organized into unions. Microelectronics and Cell Phones Santa Clara Valley, California, better known as Silicon Valley, is the birthplace and reigning capital of the largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry in the world, microelectronics (Hossfeld 405). Microelectronics is defined as a branch of electronics that deals with the miniaturization of electric circuits and components. This involves computers, processor, cell phones, and many other electronic devices. Cell phones are becoming a part of the microelec... ...ersity of California Press, 1995. - â€Å"Organizing the Valley.† Silicon Valley biz ink. 2003. Silicon Valley Business Ink. 14 Oct. 2003 . - Orr, Andrea. â€Å"Ex-IBM Worker Says He Lost His Sense of Smell.† Yahoo! News. 2003 - Yahoo! Inc. 13 Nov. 2003 . - Siegel, Lenny. â€Å"New Chips in Old Skins: Work and Labor in Silicon Valley.† Global Productions—Labor in the Making of the â€Å"Information Society†. Ed. Gerald Sussman & John A. Lent. New Jersey: Hampton Press Inc., 1998. - â€Å"Silicon Valley Companies.† San Jose/Silicon Valley Websites. 2002 San Jose/Silicon Valley Websites. 13 Nov. 2003 .

Positive Psychology Essay

Positive psychology is defined as a â€Å"science of positive subjective experiences, positive traits, and positive institutions† and it focuses on such topics as â€Å"hope, wisdom, creativity †¦ courage, spirituality† (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000). Although this definition seems to be broad enough, the current research on positive psychology consists of primarily quantitative studies of cognitive and affective variables within a particular experimental paradigm. It has not paid much attention to topics of humanistic concerns; such as meaning, values, courage, and spirituality. Research is beginning to accumulate around the concept of positive psychology, or moving away from a focus on psychopathology to one of building positive qualities. The popular song â€Å"Don’t Worry, Be Happy, † expressed in a nutshell a key concept in positive psychology, to develop a sense of optimism. Optimism and other human strengths, such as courage, interpersonal skill, future mindedness, faith, hope, work ethic, perseverance, honesty, and the capacity to achieve flow and insight, can act as buffers against malaise, dysfunction, and mental illness. Human strengths such as optimism are not enough, of course. A positive psychology seems to depend also on cultivating positive experiences that are associated with happiness and subjective well-being, on the capacity to adapt and organize to successfully meet changing conditions, and to interactions that occur within positive social contexts (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000).Positive psychology is understood as â€Å"the scientific study of ordinary human strengths and virtues† (Sheldon & King, 2001, p. 216). Resilience, a very important skill, illustrates (among other things) the importance of the ordinary. For instance, Masten (2001), in discussing resilience in children, emphasized â€Å"the power of the ordinary† (p. 235). Based on a review of resilience studies involving children, Masten observed: â€Å"Resilience does not come from rare and special qualities, but from the everyday magic of ordinary, normative human resources in the minds, brains, and bodies of children, in their families and relationships, and in their communities.† (Masten, 2001, p. 235) In another look at resilience in terms of its ordinary nature, the American Psychological Association’s Practice Directorate developed a public education campaign following the September 11, 2001, attacks. Called the Road to Resilience, the campaign set out the following principles: (a) resilience is a set of learned behaviors that are not automatic, (b) it is a personal journey that is involved with others, (c) it is an ordinary, not an extraordinary, experience, and (d) it demands that improvement be accomplished through small, persistent steps (Murray, 2003). This perspective of positive psychology that focuses on ordinary and everyday circumstances leads us to think in terms of a kind of â€Å"everyday prevention† that is within the reach of people and that counselors and other practitioners can intentionally bring to their work with clients and client systems. Everyday prevention should infuse and guide the work of all preventionists. The American population has moved beyond being passive recipients of expert-provided care to assume a much more personal responsibility for their own health and mental healthcare needs. People, including children, are viewed as active decision makers, selecting from available choices and preferences and shaping their environment, with the possibility of masterful and efficacious living. Many have begun to assume greater initiative and responsibility for the direction of education and schools; the rise in home schooling, the spread of e-educational programs, and the charter school movement are just three examples. This active involvement in health care and education will become a dominant theme for the twentyfirst century. Professionals and professional training programs are beginning to respond to this significant change in personal orientation and responsibility. For instance, training programs in integrative medicine are developing (e.g., at Duke University and University of Arizona), where the primary goal is to assist people to experience optimal vitality and wellness, integrating mind, body, and spirit as well as allopathic, alternative, and complementary medical approaches. Counseling and counseling psychology programs are beginning to address prevention more directly through coursework and training experiences. Healthcare plans are being created that are comprehensive and dynamic, geared to promoting optimal well-being. But, of course, millions of Americans are not waiting for the healthcare and education establishments to alter themselves in the direction of increased integration and variety. Instead, many are experimenting with their own choices. They research, read, surf the Internet, learn from one another, and test out various combinations of exercise, diet, herbs and vitamins, spiritual practice, social support, and alternative treatments to find what works for them. Much of this experimentation is proceeding without external expert monitoring and may be risky to health, in some degree. Conversely, countless millions are organizing for themselves what they view as healthy practices that seem to be yielding improved vitality and more satisfying lifestyles. All of this activity is a virtual wellspring of prevention, occurring at all ecological levels in our society. Our â€Å"cultural blueprint† is being rewritten at the macro level and is being put into practice by individuals and groups to say, in effect: â€Å"We are empowered.† Organizations are slower to adapt because they have traditions, regulations, policies, revenue streams, and other forces and elements that require longer to turn around-sort of like turning around the Titanic. But organizations are beginning to revise and reinvent themselves, too; witness the increasing number of programs and initiatives that take a health-promoting orientation. Where does the professional practice of prevention by counselors and other helpers fit with this paradigm shift toward a more autonomous and experiencing style of health care and education? Right now a gap exists, as prevention is still tied closely to disorder-reduction, population-based models under the control of â€Å"preventionists† who work conscientiously, and often effectively, to help avert dysfunction. Within the context of positive psychology, Seligman (1999) and others wonder about the following question: â€Å"What is the ‘good life’?† He is quick to indicate that what he means by the good life is not a â€Å"Porsche, champagne, and a suntan.† Seligman suggests that what positive psychology needs is a taxonomy for the good life, the main purpose of which would be to guide the formulation and building of the â€Å"good life.† He observes that psychological science has been able to produce an exhaustive (and exhausting) compendium to describe and diagnose human dysfunction and psychopathology (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) and its editions), but that there is no companion product to describe and prescribe human health and positive functioning. There is a concerted effort under way to develop a taxonomy of the â€Å"good life.† The positive psychology perspective is based on a particular assumption of what is the best way to promote mental health, a way that is 180 degrees different from that which has been in effect within psychology and psychiatry (Maddux, Snyder, & Feldman, 2003). This previous way is to correct dysfunction and to prevent any of the hundreds of clinical syndromes contained in the DSM. Instead, positive psychology alters the focus from the reduction and prevention of human psychological disabilities and disturbances to the enhancement of human strengths and abilities. This focus centers on authentic happiness (Seligman, 2002) from the eudaemonic approach-that is, happiness that is centered on meaning and self-realization (Ryan & Deci, 2001), as well as the choices people make about their lives and how they construe what occurs (Maddux et al. 2003). For example, authentic happiness (Seligman, 2002) is an area within positive psychology that is being intensely studied and that is addressing issues surrounding the â€Å"good life.† Interestingly, with regard to the concept of â€Å"everyday prevention, † the work related to positive psychology-and authentic happiness-appears frequently in the popular press as well as in professional/scientific outlets; â€Å"The Happiest Guy† (McCafferty, 2003), an article on Seligman’s authentic happiness, in the USA Weekend Sunday newspaper insert, is a case in point. This work is becoming part of mainstream America, increasingly available to people on an everyday basis. Of course, authentic happiness is not the same as â€Å"A little song, a little dance, a little seltzer down your pants†, although it could be said that both glee and fun are relevant. In his book on authentic happiness (Seligman, 2002), Seligman presents a â€Å"happiness formula:† H = S + C + V. That is, an enduring level of Happiness (H) is a function of one’s biological Set (S) range, plus Circumstances (C) to which people are subjected (both generally positive in relation to enduring happiness, such as marriage and sociability, and those that are generally negatively related, such as money and race), plus Voluntary control (V), the choices one makes in life, such as a range of positive emotions like optimism, hope, faith, trust, and confidence. Although a large component of authentic, enduring happiness seems to be set by biology, it is the voluntary choices over which people can exert control that serves as the bellwether test of positive psychology. People can learn how to enhance their capacity to make positive choices on a daily basis. The VIA (Values in Action) Signature Strengths seeks to assess twenty-four â€Å"signature strengths† that are associated with authentic happiness. The VIA Questionnaire was developed by the Values-In-Action (VIA) Institute, which is directed by Peterson and Seligman, and funded by the Mayerson Foundation (http://www.authentichappiness.org/)The twenty-four signature strengths are organized within the broader categories of: Wisdom and Knowledge-five cognitive strengths involving the acquisition and use of knowledge. These strengths include creativity, curiosity, open-mindedness, love of learning, and perspective taking. Courage-four emotional strengths involving the will toward goal accomplishment even when there is internal or external opposition. These strengths include bravery, industry/perseverance, authenticity, and zest. Love-three interpersonal strengths that include supporting and caring for others. These strengths include intimacy, kindness, and social intelligence Justice-three strengths that undergird healthy communities. These strengths include citizenship/teamwork, fairness, and leadership. Temperance-four strengths that moderate and protect against excessiveness. These strengths include forgiveness/mercy, modesty/ humility, prudence, and self-control/self-regulation. Transcendence-five strengths that help to connect with the universe and provide meaning. These strengths include awe/appreciation of beauty and excellence, gratitude, hope, playfulness, and spirituality. Seligman (2002) indicates that everyone possesses many signature strengths. He suggests that individuals complete and score the VIA, examine their top strengths, and apply a set of nine criteria to each one of the top strengths. As examples, three of these nine criteria are as follows: a strength engenders a sense of ownership and authenticity, a feeling of excitement while displaying it, and a rapid learning curve as it is first practiced. If a strength is matched by one or more of these criteria, he suggests that it is a signature strength and should be used frequently and across many settings and situations. Seligman provides examples in the areas of work, love, raising children, and finding general meaning and purpose in life. In sum, he (2002) holds the following with regard to the good life: Use your signature strengths every day in the main realms of your life to bring about abundant gratification and authentic happiness. (p. 161) Long before work began in positive psychology to examine the good life, Socrates (born 470 B.C.E.) had given it some thought! Gross (2002) reviewed Socrates’ seven principles, which are often thought to be associated with the good life, and how they can be used on a daily basis. These are: Know Thyself. This one, we hear most frequently. To know thyself means to be self-aware, to review and reflect on actions, and to develop and revise plans to fit personal values within the community context. Ask Great Questions. Be inquisitive. Seek to actively learn all the time, everywhere, from everyone. Think for Yourself. Monitor what you say and what you do. Ask if these actions are reflective of you and your values and thoughts. Make up your own mind after weighing evidence. Challenge Conventional Wisdom. Resist getting caught up in the currents running around you. Don’t blindly do what everyone else does. Develop the capacity to act consistent with personal conviction. Grow with Friends. Connect with others and seek appropriately to interact at genuine and deep levels. Speak the Truth. Avoid lying, shading the truth, or faking it. Spot these behaviors around you, and those where truthful behaviors occur, and allow both to guide you. Strengthen Your Soul. Build into each day opportunities and experiences that are restful, bring joy, and are kind. Socrates provided a good start on defining the good life. Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is a condition that reflects a â€Å"preponderance of positive thoughts and feelings about one’s life† (Myers & Diener, 1995, p. 11). It is defined by three distinct factors that are also correlated: (a) relative presence of positive affect, (b) absence of negative affect, and (c) life satisfaction. Associating happiness with SWB, Myers and Diener have pondered the question:Who is happy? They and others (e.g., Little, 2000; Willi, 1999) have found that happy and effective people (i.e., those with high SWB) tend to: Possess particular inner fixed or natural traits: self-esteem and acceptance, personal control/autonomy, optimism, and extraversion Exhibit free, or adaptive, traits that are culturally scripted patterns enacted within one’s goals and projects, and are independent of fixed traits Have warm, positive, trusting, and satisfying interpersonal relationships Find â€Å"flow† in work and in leisure (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990), where engagement in mindful challenge, with adequate support, is realizable Possess a religious or spiritual faith Adapt positively to change and show environmental mastery Find or create personal niches that enrich their lives Live within a cultural worldview that is generally positive Have a purpose and find meaning in life Have personal goals that guide personal growth Thus, happiness can be thought of as a side effect of other main effects and their interaction. Happiness can also be viewed as the dessert and not the main course. Positive Youth Development (PYD) is an approach to prevention that emphasizes the development of youth in context rather than attempting to prevent separate problems faced by youths (Pittman & Fleming, 1991). Many youth outcomes are affected by the same protective and risk factors, making interventions that address several personal-social and setting domains important. A set of PYD constructs has been developed in an effort to operationally define positive youth development. These constructs are relevant to our discussion of everyday prevention. Positive Youth Development programs and strategies seek generally to achieve one or more of the following objectives (Catalano, Berglund, Ryan, Lonczak, & Hawkins, 2002): Promote bonding: developing a child’s relationship with a healthy adult, positive peers, school, community, or culture Foster resilience: developing adaptive coping strategies to stress and change, and enhancing flexibility and overall capacity Promote social competence: developing appropriate interpersonal skills in such areas as communication and conflict resolution Promote emotional competence: developing skills in identifying and managing feelings and emotional reactions, such as in empathy and frustration tolerance Promote cognitive competence: developing ability to use logic, analytic thinking, abstract reasoning, problem solving, goal setting, and related skills Promote behavioral competence: developing skills in nonverbal and verbal communication and in taking prosocial action Promote moral competence: developing empathy, a sense of right and wrong, what is moral and just, and a respect for rules and standards Foster self-determination: developing the ability to think for oneself, to take action that matches the thought, to be autonomous, and to be able to chart one’s own course Foster spirituality: developing a belief in a higher power, a belief system, or a sense of spiritual identity/meaning/practice Foster self-efficacy: developing a sense that one can accomplish goals through one’s own action, involving personal goal setting, mastery skills, and ways to reverse self-defeating thoughts Foster clear and positive identity: developing a coherent sense of self, including positive identification with a supportive social or cultural subgroup Foster belief in the future: developing a belief about the future that is based on optimism about possibilities Provide recognition for positive behavior: developing ways to reward positive behaviors Provide opportunities for pro-social involvement: developing strategies for becoming actively involved in pro-social activities, making a contribution, and experiencing healthy interactions with others Foster pro-social norms: developing understanding of accurate normative behavior (e.g., the number of contemporaries who actually use drugs), mentoring to assist others (and oneself) with forward movement, creating clear expectations for minimizing health risks, and enhancing social support (pp. 15-22) These 15 PYD objectives provide a robust direction not only for professionals to pursue but also for everyday prevention efforts. Relatedly, Lopez and McKnight (2002) discussed what they termed â€Å"light-handed interventions† in PYD. Light-handed interventions are everyday occurrences that can make a difference in peoples’ lives (also known as experiences that enhance competency). These authors proposed that an efficient approach to PYD might be facilitated by what they termed â€Å"everyday luxuries† in which all youth do not have opportunities to indulge, such as attending a sporting event or a musical, relaxing, playing, and writing about life events.

GIS (Geographic Information Systems) in Everyday Life

GIS According to Canalys there were approximately 41 million GPS units sold in 2008, and in 2009 the number of GPS enabled cell phones in use had exceeded 27 million. Without even thinking, tens of millions of people access directions and look-up local businesses from these hand-held devices every day. Lets tie this back to our big picture here, GIS. The 24 GPS satellites orbiting earth are constantly broadcasting data about their location and exact time. Your GPS device or phone receives and process the signals from three to four of these satellites to figure out where it is located. Points of interest, addresses (lines or points), and aerial or road data is all stored in a database that is accessed by your device. When you submit data, such as posting a geo-Tweet (a location-based Tweet on Twitter), checking in on Foursquare, or rating a restaurant you are adding data to one or more GIS data sources. Popular GIS Applications Traditionally desktop GIS has dominated the GIS mindset. People think of ArcMap, MicroStation, or other enterprise-level GIS applications when they think desktop GIS. But the most prevalent desktop GIS application is free, and quiet powerful. With over 400 million total downloads (according to GeoWeb 2008 keynote speech by Michael Jones) Google Earth is by far the most used GIS application in the world. While many people use Google Earth to look for fun things such as a friends house, crop circles, and other oddities, Google Earth also allows you to add georeferenced images, view parcel data, and find routes. Georeferencing Photos Even before the average computer user was using GIS on a near daily basis, everyone has benefited from it. The government uses GIS to decide voting districts, analyze demographics, and even time street lights. The real power of GIS is that it is more than a map, it is a map that can show us exactly what we want to see. How has GIS become such an integral part of society almost seamlessly? Google, Garmin, and others were not creating products with Hey, the mass public needs GIS in mind, no, they were meeting needs. Humans think geographically. Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How those are the five Ws right? Place is extremely important to people. When studying how human populations have acted over the past millennia it is easy to see how geography dictated culture. Today, place still dictates much of our lives: property values, crime rates, education standards, these can all be classified by place. It is interesting to see when a technology has become so ingrained in a society that people dont consider it when they use it, they just use it; like with cell phones, cars, microwaves, etc. (that list could be very long). Personally, as someone who loves maps and loves computers and works in the GIS field I think it is great that an eight-year-old has the ability to look-up their friends address and sho w their parents exactly where they are going, or for family members to be able to see pictures of those they love where they were taken, and so many more cool things that GIS allows us to do without thinking. Kyle Souza is a GIS professional from Texas. He operates TractBuilder and can be reached at kyle.souzatractbuilder.com.